The misuse of antibiotics is a major problem that has caused genetic changes in bacteria, and increased their resistance to antibiotics, so interest has increased in using alternatives to antibiotics such as nanoparticles. The main mechanisms of resistance to various antibiotics by bacteria include horizontal gene transfer, transformation and conjugation, in addition to the mechanism of antibiotic-resistant efflux pumps that increase the ability of bacteria to adapt and survive after stress. Bacteria also resist antibiotics through the formation of biofilms and various chemical and biological pathways. Nanoparticles have been used as antimicrobials such as gold, silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Nanoparticles have the ability to enhance antibiotics to reduce the minimum inhibitory concentration required to inhibit bacterial growth, making antibiotics more effective, or they act as strong antimicrobials in themselves. Our research focused on analyzing the antimicrobial mechanisms of nanoparticles on general bacteria and antibiotic-resistant bacteria and comparing the value of nanoparticles prepared by different functional techniques. Considering the potential use of antibacterial agents in medicine, the toxic effect of antibacterial agents on eukaryotic mammalian cells is of great importance, and this review summarizes the available experiments based on the cytotoxicity data of various antibacterial nanoparticles. In conclusion, since each type of nano antibacterial agents has a diverse and reliable system for its antibacterial ability, and their shape, size, or surface functional groups can be designed and modified at the molecular level, they have currently been tested for broad-spectrum antibacterial agents and against various types of bacterial applications. This flexibility means that based on the scope of the manufacturing method and its anti-infective performance, we can develop a good nano antibacterial agent that is more in line with the requirements of the pharmaceutical market development; the final application to the patient in the clinic.