International Journal of Multidisciplinary Comprehensive Research  |  ISSN: 2583-5289  |  Double-Blind Peer Review  |  Open Access  |  CC BY 4.0

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     2026:5/3

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Comprehensive Research

ISSN: (Print) | 2583-5289 (Online) | Impact Factor: | Open Access

Design and Simulation-Based Evaluation of a Photocell Based Automatic Lighting Control System for Household Energy Saving

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Abstract

Household lighting is frequently managed wrongly due to user forgetfulness and no daylight-aware control, leading to unplanned electricity use. This work is dedicated to the design and simulation-based investigation of an inexpensive automatic lighting control system based on the photocell sensor to adjust the operation for ambient illumination. The architecture of the proposed system is an illumination sensing stage, a control logic module, and an output-switch interface to transfer the light loads within the house. 
The control strategy employs threshold-based decision rules with hysteresis and a highly customizable time-delay to minimize switching speed due to light variations, allowing for operational stability. Since no field setup happened, the performance of the system is analysed with a scenario-based analytical model. Using a power–time formulation, energy consumption is estimated, and a baseline profile of manual energy consumption is compared with the expected automated control across representative environments in the household (e.g., varying daylight availability, window exposure, etc.). A sensitivity analysis is provided to explore the effect of certain parameters (lighting threshold, delay time, lamp power rating, etc.). 
The results show that automated daylight-aware switching can reduce avoidable lighting operation, realize significant energy saving promise under widespread use habits, and remain simple and low implementation cost. Finally, the study concludes with a tangible cost and payback discussion and a plan for potential work towards real-world validation and greater sensing (e.g., occupancy integration).
 

How to Cite This Article

Ali Jawad, Ruqaya Raad Abdulzahra, Noor Al-Huda Raad Khudair, Masar Muthaffar Sameer, Ruqaya Amjad Munshid (2026). Design and Simulation-Based Evaluation of a Photocell Based Automatic Lighting Control System for Household Energy Saving . International Journal of Multidisciplinary Comprehensive Research (IJMCR), 5(1), 01-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54660/IJMCR.2026.5.1.01-10

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